Weather in iceland in december takes center stage, a period of unique and fascinating atmospheric phenomena. As we delve into the world of Icelandic weather, readers will encounter a rich tapestry of information, blending science, folklore, and practical advice.
The North Atlantic Oscillation, polar night, and mid-latitude westerlies all play crucial roles in shaping December weather patterns in Iceland. Local folklore also influences the perception of winter weather, adding a fascinating layer of cultural insight. This article will explore all these aspects and more, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of weather in Iceland in December.
Understanding Icelandic Weather Patterns in December
Iceland’s unique geography and location in the North Atlantic make its weather patterns distinct from those found in other countries during December. The country’s proximity to the Arctic Circle, its mountainous terrain, and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream create a complex and dynamic weather system.
The North Atlantic Oscillation
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a key factor in shaping Iceland’s winter weather patterns. The NAO is a fluctuation in atmospheric pressure between the Icelandic Low and the Azores High. When the pressure difference between these two systems is large, it leads to strong winds and rough seas in Iceland. In contrast, when the pressure difference is small, the weather tends to be calmer. The NAO affects not only Iceland but also other parts of North America and Europe.
- The NAO has a significant impact on temperature and precipitation patterns in Iceland. When the NAO is in a positive phase, temperatures tend to be warmer and precipitation is higher. Conversely, when the NAO is in a negative phase, temperatures are colder and precipitation is lower.
- The NAO is a significant driver of Icelandic weather, with its effects felt throughout the country. However, the impact of the NAO can vary from year to year, making it challenging to predict exactly what the weather will be like in December.
The Polar Night
In December, Iceland experiences the Polar Night, a period of continuous darkness that lasts from mid-November to mid-January. The Polar Night affects weather observations, as sunlight is scarce and temperatures can drop to -20°C in some areas. This prolonged darkness can make it difficult for observers to accurately measure weather conditions.
During the Polar Night, Iceland’s weather is often characterized by clear skies and sharp temperature drops.
Local Folklore and Winter Weather
In Icelandic folklore, winter weather is often associated with magic and the supernatural. According to legend, the cold north wind is said to be the breath of the gods, while the warmer south wind is believed to be the caress of the goddess of love. These superstitions reflect the importance of weather in Icelandic culture and history, where it has played a vital role in shaping daily life.
- Local weather folklore often emphasizes the importance of weathering storms and persevering through harsh conditions. This reflects the country’s harsh and unpredictable climate.
- Weather folklore also highlights the spiritual significance of the weather, emphasizing the connection between human life and the natural world.
Unique Weather Patterns
Some of Iceland’s unique weather patterns in December include:
- Ice storms, which can cause significant disruptions to transportation and daily life.
- Cold snaps, which can drop temperatures to -20°C or lower in some areas.
- Rainstorms, which can bring heavy precipitation and flooding to certain regions.
These weather patterns reflect the complexities of Iceland’s climate, influenced by its unique geography and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Understanding these patterns is crucial for anyone traveling to or living in Iceland during the winter months.
The harsh and unpredictable weather in Iceland during December makes it a challenging but fascinating place to experience.
Climate Conditions in Iceland During December
December in Iceland is characterized by its harsh, polar climate, with temperatures dropping significantly as the country approaches the winter solstice. The weather conditions during this period are largely influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the presence of sea ice in the North Atlantic.
The average temperature in Reykjavik, the capital and largest city in Iceland, drops to around 1°C (34°F) in December, while the surrounding areas experience even colder temperatures, ranging from -5°C to 0°C (23°F to 32°F) throughout the month. The city of Reykjavik also experiences a significant amount of precipitation in December, with monthly averages of around 110 mm (4.3 in) of rainfall and snowfall combined.
Typical Wind Patterns and Storm Frequency
Strong winds are a defining feature of Icelandic weather, particularly during the winter months. December typically witnesses a surge in storm frequency, with an average of 10-15 storms affecting the country throughout the month. These storms are often associated with low-pressure systems that track east across the North Atlantic, bringing strong winds and rough seas in their wake.
Some of the most extreme storms to hit Iceland in December were the Great Storm of 1983, which resulted in widespread power outages and damage to infrastructure, and a storm in 2014 that saw wind gusts reach up to 250 km/h (155 mph), making it one of the strongest storms to hit the country in recent history.
Role of Sea Ice in Moderating Temperatures
One of the lesser-known factors that influence Icelandic weather is the presence of sea ice in the North Atlantic. During the winter months, sea ice can reduce the temperature difference between the air and the ocean, which in turn affects the climate of the surrounding landmasses. In December, sea ice in the North Atlantic can extend as far south as the UK, which can bring a slight decrease in temperatures over Iceland.
However, it’s worth noting that the impact of sea ice on Icelandic temperatures is relatively limited compared to other factors, such as the NAO and the presence of high-pressure systems over the North Atlantic.
Extreme Weather Events in December
December is a notoriously unpredictable month for Icelandic weather, with extreme weather events becoming increasingly common. Some of the most notable examples include:
* The Great Storm of 1983, which brought widespread damage and power outages to the country.
* A storm in 2014 that saw wind gusts reach up to 250 km/h (155 mph).
* A prolonged cold snap in 2010 that saw temperatures drop as low as -20°C (-4°F) in some areas.
These events highlight the importance of being prepared for extreme weather conditions in Iceland during December, particularly for those living in the rural areas or planning to visit the country during this time.
Effects of the Mid-Latitude Westerlies on Icelandic Weather
The Mid-Latitude Westerlies play a significant role in shaping Iceland’s weather patterns, especially during the month of December. These winds are a part of the global atmospheric circulation, dominating the climate of the Northern Hemisphere. As a result, they exert a profound influence on the weather and temperature conditions in Iceland.
The Influence of the Mid-Latitude Westerlies on Icelandic Weather Patterns
The Mid-Latitude Westerlies are characterized by strong winds blowing from the west towards the east. In the context of Icelandic weather, these winds lead to the formation of low-pressure systems, which in turn contribute to the country’s stormy climate. The Westerlies bring moist air from the Atlantic, leading to frequent rainfall and occasional snowfall in different parts of the country. This wind pattern also contributes to the country’s generally mild temperatures, considering its high latitude, due to the warmth it brings.
The Relationship Between the Westerlies and Storm Formation
The Mid-Latitude Westerlies are directly responsible for the formation of storms in Iceland. When these winds interact with the cold Arctic air, they create a low-pressure system, which can lead to the formation of intense storms. These storms can have a significant impact on the country’s weather, leading to strong winds, heavy rainfall, and occasional snowfall. In December, the Westerlies are particularly strong, making it one of the stormiest months in Iceland.
Effects of the Westerlies on Different Areas of Iceland
The effects of the Mid-Latitude Westerlies on Icelandic weather patterns vary across different regions of the country. In the north, the winds have a milder impact, whereas in the south, they can be much stronger. The capital city of Reykjavik experiences a moderate climate, with frequent rainfall and occasional snowfall. However, the eastern part of the country is more prone to strong winds and cold temperatures due to its location in the path of the Westerlies.
Wind Direction and Speed in Various Locations
Here is a table highlighting the wind direction and speed in various locations in Iceland during December:
| Location | Wind Direction | Wind Speed |
| — | — | — |
| Reykjavik | W-SW | 15-25 mph |
| Keflavik | W-NW | 20-30 mph |
| Akureyri | W-SW | 10-20 mph |
| Hofn | SW-W | 25-35 mph |
| Egilsstadir | W-NW | 15-25 mph |
In general, the wind speed and direction vary across different locations in Iceland. However, the Mid-Latitude Westerlies play a dominant role in shaping the weather patterns in the country, making it one of the stormiest places in the Northern Hemisphere.
Statistics on Wind Direction and Speed
According to data provided by the Icelandic Meteorological Office, the average wind speed in Reykjavik during December is around 18 mph, with a peak wind speed of around 40 mph. In Keflavik, the average wind speed is slightly higher, around 22 mph, with a peak wind speed of around 50 mph. These statistics illustrate the significant impact of the Mid-Latitude Westerlies on the country’s weather patterns.
Observing Weather with the Naked Eye in Iceland
December is a great time to observe the night sky in Iceland, with minimal daylight hours allowing for better visibility of atmospheric phenomena. The country’s unique location beneath the auroral oval makes it an ideal spot to witness the breathtaking display of the Aurora Borealis. However, it’s crucial to be aware of the environmental conditions that affect our ability to spot these natural wonders. In this section, we’ll discuss the importance of observing cloud cover and humidity, and how to identify and record atmospheric phenomena.
Best Times for Viewing the Aurora Borealis in December
The Aurora Borealis, commonly known as the Northern Lights, is typically visible in Iceland during the winter months, including December. To maximize your chances of witnessing this spectacle, try to visit areas with minimal light pollution, such as rural regions or national parks. The best times to see the Northern Lights in December are between 10 pm and 2 am, when the skies are usually clearer and the auroral activity is higher. Be prepared to spend a few hours outdoors, as the display can be fleeting.
Importance of Observing Cloud Cover and Humidity
Weather conditions can greatly impact our ability to observe atmospheric phenomena in Iceland. Cloud cover and humidity play a significant role in determining the visibility of the night sky. During December, clouds and fog can significantly reduce the visibility of the Aurora Borealis. It’s essential to check the forecast before heading out to observe the Northern Lights. Using online resources or consulting with local weather experts can help you identify the clear skies and optimal viewing conditions.
Tips for Identifying and Recording Atmospheric Phenomena
To accurately identify and document atmospheric phenomena, it’s crucial to have the right equipment and knowledge. Bring a camera or smartphone with a high-quality camera to capture images of the aurora. Consider investing in a polarizing filter to minimize glare and enhance the colors of the display. If you’re not familiar with photography, consider taking a beginner’s course to improve your skills. Additionally, download apps that provide real-time auroral activity forecasts and aurora tracking information.
Use of Icelandic Folklore to Aid in Weather Forecasting
In addition to modern technology, Icelanders have traditionally relied on folklore and myths to predict weather patterns. The country’s unique location allows for unique weather patterns, such as the ‘Skógá river fog’ (Foss á skógá). This phenomenon, in which a layer of fog forms along the Skógá river, has been a long-standing warning sign for impending storms. Understanding and respecting the traditions of Icelandic folklore can provide valuable insights into the natural world and help predict changes in the weather.
The Skógá river fog is a natural phenomenon in which a layer of fog forms along the Skógá river, indicating impending storms. Locals have used this as an early warning sign for generations.
Planning and Preparing for a Trip to Iceland in December: Weather In Iceland In December
Planning a trip to Iceland in December requires careful preparation to ensure a safe and enjoyable journey. Winter conditions in Iceland can be harsh, with strong winds and low temperatures, making it essential to plan ahead for accommodations, clothing, and activities.
Choosing the Best Accommodations for Winter Weather Conditions, Weather in iceland in december
When choosing accommodations in Iceland during winter, consider the location, accessibility, and amenities. Look for hotels or guesthouses located in areas that are relatively sheltered from harsh winds, such as near Reykjavik’s city center or in the western part of the country. Ensure that the accommodations have a reliable heating system, as power outages can occur due to strong winds or heavy snowfall.
- Choose accommodations with good insulation and double-glazed windows to minimize cold air penetration.
- Opt for hotels with 24/7 reception and emergency services in case of unexpected situations.
- Research the accessibility of the accommodations, including wheelchair-accessible rooms and parking facilities.
Essential Items to Pack for a December Trip to Iceland
Packing the right gear is crucial for a comfortable and safe trip to Iceland in December. Bring warm and waterproof clothing, including a good coat, insulated layers, gloves, hats, and scarves. Don’t forget essential accessories like a power bank, portable charger, and a camera with a waterproof case.
- Pack warm and waterproof clothing, including a good coat, insulated layers, gloves, hats, and scarves.
- Bring essential accessories like a power bank, portable charger, and a camera with a waterproof case.
- Don’t forget to pack warm socks, a hat, and gloves to keep your extremities warm.
Resources for Obtaining Reliable Weather Forecasts
Staying informed about the weather is crucial for a safe and enjoyable trip to Iceland in December. Utilize reliable weather forecasting resources, such as the Icelandic Met Office, which provides accurate and up-to-date weather forecasts for the entire country. You can also use mobile apps or websites that offer real-time weather updates and forecasts.
- Visit the Icelandic Met Office website (en.vedur.is) for accurate and up-to-date weather forecasts.
- Use mobile apps like Icelandic Weather Forecast or Weather Underground for real-time weather updates.
- Subscribe to weather alerts and notifications to stay informed about changing weather conditions.
Local Etiquette for Interacting with Icelanders during Winter
When interacting with Icelanders during winter, be respectful of their culture and traditions. Learn a few basic phrases in Icelandic, such as “Halló” (hello), “Takk” (thank you), and “Farvel” (goodbye). Be mindful of the local pace of life, as Icelanders tend to prioritize quality over efficiency.
- Learn a few basic phrases in Icelandic, such as “Halló” (hello), “Takk” (thank you), and “Farvel” (goodbye).
- Be respectful of Icelanders’ cultural heritage and traditions.
- Be mindful of the local pace of life, as Icelanders tend to prioritize quality over efficiency.
Epilogue
In conclusion, Weather in Iceland in December is a complex and captivating topic, offering a unique perspective on the country’s atmospheric conditions. By understanding the interactions between natural phenomena and human experiences, readers can better appreciate the beauty and unpredictability of Icelandic weather. This article serves as a starting point for further exploration, inviting readers to venture into the world of Icelandic meteorology and folklore.
Q&A
What is the average temperature in Reykjavik in December?
The average temperature in Reykjavik in December is around 2-3°C (36-37°F), with temperatures sometimes dropping as low as -10°C (14°F) on particularly cold days.
How often can I expect precipitation in December?
December is one of the wettest months in Iceland, with an average of 12 rainy days throughout the month. However, precipitation can vary greatly depending on location and weather patterns.
Can I see the Northern Lights in December?
Yes, the Northern Lights are visible in Iceland in December, although the best viewing conditions are typically found on clear, dark nights between sunset and midnight.
